In Focus: Hymoptera

Spiders ar perhaps the most popular insects at present, due to the worldwide release of the movie, Spider domain. Most of us have been dreaming of be bitten by an insect and using its capabilities to be of help to society as super heroes When I was a child, bees and wasps running around the garden terrified me.Carrying on, fear for these insects sparked interest in me to study them, specifically about how these insects complete the balance of nature. This large group of inects croak to Hymenopetra, consisting of sawflies, wasps, bees, and ants.As such, the group was given the name referring to the membrane-forming wings of the majority of the insects making up the population. The major role played by this group is that of world pollinators for florescence plants thus, plants would non be able to reproduce without the help of this insects. All organisms have their own bearing of protecting themselves. Insects accord such self-protection by its horny or leathery cuticle for defense. Moreover, the epidermic glands of various insects are capable of producing chemical substance substance substances that can cause itching to other organisms, birds in finical.For some(prenominal) hymenopterans, the poisons produced are from the plants they feed on. In female hymenopterans, their reproductive system has been modified being capable of producing virulent proteins. Once injected onto its prey this causes paralysis to the nervous system. Stings are excessively utilize by hymenopterans for protecting themselves similar that of wasps, bees and ants. These insects are also capable of blending to their environment, making it hard for their enemies to find them. The cells have its moving rouge granules, hence allowing the coloration to occur (Agren and Hallberg, 1996 443)The chemical communication among Hymenopterans is important in predicting their behavior. Among Hymenopterans who are of the social kind, there are several glands producing volatile secretio n. The antennae are the most important body structure in perceiving signals. as well their body structures can be employ to map out the population, insects having the same antenna structure would belong to the same group, performing a particular function (Felicioli, gypsy and Bin, 1998 140). The chemical defenses and poisons produced do not however serve as protection but as a warning as well. Most hymenopterans are of the social kind.The Dufour gland of Pulvergus rufuscens has been proven to vary as well, depending on the position that the insect has in its society. queen have a hypertrophied gland with extended lumen and a thin epithelium indicating that it is not active in secretion, epoch the workers have thicker linings for secretory purposes. Hence, these insects have their status in their own society, doing its particular function as a member of its group (Grasso, et. al, 2004 152). Hymenopterans particularly the ones belonging to superfamily Proctotrupidea are very low -toned but are considered pests for rice, sugar, jute and cotton.The variety of these hymenopterans are vast, thus the roles they have in nature are also different. There are some species belonging to the same group, acting as pollinators, serving the plants and man while there are those particularly the Proctotrupoidea, who are pests for man (Bin and Vinson, 1986 132). Pesticides and other chemicals have been used for toxifying these insects. Hymenopterans, particularly the bees are capable of producing substances that are toxic for humans. The honey they obtained from the beebreads of different flowers can be toxic and psychoactive for humans.Honey produced from the nectar of Azalea pontica has alkaloids which are very poisonous for humans but not for bees. The Roman soldiers who ate honey during the snip of Pompey the Great became delirious and vomited the honey, causing their easy defeat. Moreover, honey from Andromeda flowers has grayanotoxins which can paralyze the limbs and diaphragm, resulting to death (Mclaren and Rotundo, 1985 74). The chemical substances produced from the body of these insects are for self-protection. If stung by its antenna, one undergoes the process of natural body healing.Antidotes and medicines are not precscribed. The chemical produced by Ichneumon eumerus wasp and Maculinea rebeli butterfly in western Europe has resulted in Myrmica schencki ants being used as pawns. The ants are deceived as its accepts the caterpillar into their colony while the wasp uses its own substances to acquire the caterpillar as ants prey. If these chemicals can be synthesized, it can take the place of toxin used as ant traps (Grasso et. al, 2004 152). Therapeutic gains from the chemical substances derived from these organisms are yet to be proven.Still, their role as pollinators for flowering plants is the major role they play in maintaining the balance of nature. As for the postal code relations of these organisms to humans and the environment, b iomass energy from plants is being used by this group to permit pollination. Further, the energy given off by these insects to plants is used by man as the latter eats the plant. In addition, as these organisms decay, it gives back the energy to the reason which will be of further use for man (Mclaren and Rotundo, 1985 75). Though insects are one the major populations existing, the claims of man evolving from these creatures seem not plausible.The genetic traces used by some scientists and researches must be further studied. The chemical processes and the internal features of this group must be further examined to give precise results suggesting its importance to man and the environment. References Agren L. , Hallberg E. (1996) Flagellar sensilla of grope bee males (Hymenoptera, Apidae, Bombus), Apidologie 27, 433444. Bin F. , Vinson S. B. (1986) Morphology of the antennal sex-gland in male Trissolcus basalis (Woll. ) (Hymenoptera Scelionidae), an egg parasitoid of the green stink bug, Nezara viridula(Hemiptera Pentatomidae), Int. J. Insect Morphol. 15, 129138. Felicioli A. , Isidoro N. , Romani R. , Bin F. (1998) Ethological and morphological analysis of behavior in Osmia cornuta Latr. (Hymenoptera Megachilidae), Insect Soc. Life 2, 137144. Grasso, D. , Mori,A. , Le Moli, F. , and Johan Billen. (2004). Morpho-functional comparison of the Dufour gland in the female castes of the Amazon ant Polyergus rufescens (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) . Zoomorphology. 124. (3). 149-153. McLaren, J. , and Rotundo, L. (1985). Biology. D. C. Heath and Company. Lexington, Massachusettes. 67-75.