DNA Functions and Structure Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

desoxyribonucleic acid Functions and Structure - analyse ExampleThese ar known as the nuclear deoxyribonucleic acid and the mitochondrial DNA, respectively. A very significant singularity of the DNA is that it can very efficiently and easily replicate, or make copies of itself. Each strand of DNA in the double helix can serve as a pattern for duplicating the sequence of bases. This is censorious when cellular telephones divide because each new cell needs to have an exact copy of the DNA evidence in the old cell (Genetics Home Reference, 2012). The DNA, regardless of its overly microscopic size, has many functions under its designate responsibilities. The DNA normally exists in the form of either prokaryotes or eukaryotes, existing in a dissimilar chromosomal stage in either of the states. Under the biologic functions that the DNA performs, there exists the storage of patrimonialal and genetic information by the genes which determine the traits and features of the future g enerations. Secondly, the DNA is responsible for the transcription and translation of the genetic codes that are matched with its matching RNA, in further course. Lastly, the DNA carries out the repercussion of cell, which means that the cells divide amongst themselves and ca-ca copies of their own selves, in order to grow, in number and size. This is considered to be the bases for the notion of biological inheritance. These functions of the DNA are carried out simultaneously. The efficiency of this is ensured by the anatomical structure of the DNA which is double helix in nature. Details of these functions impart discussed in greater detail, in the following. A polymer is a composition and a collection of numerous monomers called mononucleotide units. The structure of this nucleotide unit is as simple as the concept of this unit itself. These nucleotide units are organise by bonds of phosphates, sugars and a heterocyclic base. The chemical reaction is sped up and catalyzed by specialist enzymes. As a result of the components of this structure of this type of nucleotide units, after intermolecular dehydration, they form phosphate ester bonds. In a situation where nitrogenous bases on the DNAs complementing each other are called as base pairs. There has been vast research and there have been many conclusions to the question of the combinations of the base pairs that are formed. The conclusions, with respect to the researches have wide-ranging with time and so have the combinations that are formed, according to each research. DNA replicationis a biological process that occurs in allliving organismsand copies theirDNA it is the basis forbiological inheritance. The process starts when one double-stranded DNA molecule produces two identical copies of the molecule. The cell cycle (mitosis) also pertains to the DNA replication/reproduction process. The cell cycle includes, interphase, prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase. Each strand of the original dou ble-stranded DNA molecule serves as template for the production of the completing strand, a process referred to assemiconservative replication. Cellularproofreadingand error toe-checking mechanisms ensurenear perfectfidelity for DNA replication (Berg, Tymozko, Stryer, & Clarke, 2002) The RNA, like the DNA, is an acronym for the Ribonucleic Acid and is made up of lengthy chains of micro structures called nucleotides, consisting of sugars and a nucleobase. The structure of